Month: November 2023

In “Securing service traffic in Azure – Part 1” I talked about using private endpoints to secure traffic between your Azure services. In this part, I explain another way to secure your traffic between Azure services using service endpoints.

So why not just use private endpoints?

As I demonstrated in Part 1, by configuring a private endpoint, I successfully secured traffic between my function app and my data source, so why would we use something else? The two primary reasons are:

• Purpose – You should only ever deploy the minimum required services to support your environment. Private endpoints are designed to provide “private” routable access to a service running in Azure. This means traffic from anywhere within your network environment can access this endpoint. If your only requirement is to secure traffic between services in Azure, then the routing capability is not required.
• Cost – For each private endpoint there is a cost required to run the endpoint, approximately $9USD/month. As usage of endpoints increase, so to do your costs scale and this can add up quickly over time.

If our only purpose is to secure traffic between services in Azure, then this is where service endpoints provide an alternative.

The Test Environment

Like Part 1 of this series, for simplicity, I will continue to use a test environment that consists of:

• A storage account hosting a CSV file of data.
• A PowerShell function app based on a http trigger that will retrieve the data from the CSV file.

Securing the storage account with a service endpoint

This time, the first step to securing the storage account is to use the firewall to disable public access and restrict access to selected virtual networks:

In this case I am connecting to the subnet used in Part 1 of this series. Similar to disabling public network access completely, by restricting to specific virtual networks, I have now disabled access from the internet:

and my function app no longer works:

Securing the service traffic in Azure by linking the function app to the storage account

Just like with private endpoints, I need to link the function app to the service endpoint that was created when I restricted the access to specific virtual network subnets. This is done in exactly the same method for private endpoints by enabling “virtual network integration” and linking it to the same subnet used for the storage account.

Now our environment will look like this:

• The function app is integrated with the virtual network
• The storage account has a delegation to the same subnet as the virtual network integration
• Storage access is now only accessible within the Azure fabric and not across the open internet

And now, my function app is again returning data from the file on the storage account:

In part 3, I will demonstrate how to present a protected address with traffic secured between each layer.

A question I come across a lot is how to secure traffic between services running in Azure. In this multi-part series, I will look at using two different approaches for securing service traffic in Azure using a Function App and a storage account as my example services.

The test environment

For the purposes of this post, I am going to use a simple function app that communicates with a storage account and retrieves the content of a file. Granted, I could get the content directly from the storage account, but this would not demonstrate the required functionality. Therefore the demo environment will consist of:

• A storage account hosting a CSV file full of data.
• A PowerShell function app based on a http trigger that will retrieve the data from the CSV file.
• And an account with contributor rights to the resource group in which everything is being created.

When called, our function app will write the contents of the CSV to the browser:

Concerns about the described environment

Now while our communications are over HTTPS and using access keys (for the sake of this demonstration), concerns are sometimes raised that the communication, encrypted or not, is over open internet. In addition, for this communication to occur over the open internet, our data source (the storage account) requires a public endpoint. All it takes is a simple misstep and our data could be exposed to the internet.

So how do we restrict public access to our source and ensure communications occur over a more secure channel?

Microsoft provide two mechanisms to secure the connection for the data source:

• Private endpoints
• Service endpoints

In this post, I am going to focus on private endpoints.

Securing the storage account with a private endpoint

Our first step is to secure the storage account from public access by disabling “Public Network Access” in the Firewall and Virtual Networks tab:

With this committed, you can see that our function app no longer returns the content of the data file:

To allow secured access to our data store, I am now going to need to create a private endpoint for the storage account. For this demo, I am going to call the instance “storage-endpoint” and attach it to the blob resource:

and now I need a virtual network to attach the endpoint to. For this demo, I have created a virtual network and added a subnet “privateips” to place private endpoints in:

I am accepting the defaults for DNS:

and then creating the private endpoint. As I accepted the default DNS settings, this will also create a privatelink DNS zone to host the A record for the private endpoint:

I have now successfully secured the blob storage from the internet:

However, as demonstrated earlier, our function app also has no access. I will now show you how to remedy that.

Connecting the function app to the private endpoint

Before we go any further, it is worth noting that the SSL certificate for the storage account is against “apptestrmcn0.blob.core.windows.net” and I have just created a private endpoint with the name “apptestrmcn0.privatelink.blob.core.windows.net“. Any service trying to connect to the private endpoint is going to fail due to a certificate mismatch. Not to worry, if I try resolving the original name of the storage account from an internal host in the same virtual network, you will see that the FQDN also maps to the new private endpoint:

As the storage account has now been isolated to private endpoint traffic only, I need to connect the Function App to the virtual network too. This is achieved via a “VNet integration” which relies on service delegations. Service delegations require a dedicated subnet per delegation type, and I therefore cannot use the same subnet as our private endpoint. For the sake of simplicity, I am going to use a separate subnet call “functionapps” within the same Virtual Network to demonstrate the functionality.

VNET integration is configured via the Networking tab for the function app:

When I select VNET integration, I am going to then select our subnet for function apps:

When Iclick connect, the service delegation will happen in the background if not already delegated and the function app will get a connection to the subnet. In the next window, as our function app’s sole purpose is to fetch data from the blob, I will disable internet traffic for the function app and apply the change.:

This is the last of the configuration. It should look like this:

And as you can see, our function app is, again, able to retrieve data the storage account:

In “Securing service traffic in Azure – Part 2” I will look at the alternative to private endpoints.